Rockfall Hazard: A Comprehensive Review of Current Mitigation Practices

Abstract

This chapter discusses the kinematics of a rockfall which forms the framework for the selection of mitigation strategies. It is followed by a detailed discussion of various mitigation strategies used to arrest or divert the falling rock and reduce the economic damage and loss of lives in mountainous regions. The mitigation strategies of rockfall protection can broadly be categorised into active and passive measures. Mitigation practices using draped meshes, anchors, and grouting are active measures, while practices using embankments, flexible barriers, rock sheds, catch ditches, and forests are categorised under passive measures. The various design approaches typically used for analysing and designing these mitigation measures are also discussed briefly in this chapter. A concise discussion of the limitations of these measures is also provided to aid the practitioners in selecting an adequate mitigation strategy. The primary objective of this chapter is to provide a thorough understanding of the rockfall and current mitigation practices employed in the field for the practitioners involved in hilly infrastructure projects. The comprehensive discussion on the current rockfall mitigation practices could also serve as a potential framework for future improvements in their respective design. © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2023