A green and economical approach to derive nanostructured hydroxyapatite from Garra mullya fish scale waste for biocompatible energy storage applications

Abstract

In this work, we spotlight an economical, green fabrication of bio-supercapacitor material using nanostructured hydroxyapatite (FNHAp). FNHAp employed is derived from the abundant fish scale waste acquired from Garra mullya fish via a facile alkaline heat treatment technique. The structural geometry, functional groups, morphological views and compositional analysis has been done by powder X-ray diffractometer (PXRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). All the results authenticate the successful synthesis of FNHAp. The capacitive performance has been studied by the electrochemical techniques such as cyclic voltammetry (CV), Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and Galvanostatic charge–discharge method (GCD). The mechanical cyclic stability over 1000 cycles at a current density of 1 mA/g with good coulombic efficiency of 84%. The developed biocompatible material displays great potential to offer a green alternative to conventional supercapacitors. © 2021 Elsevier B.V.