Understanding molecular upsets in diabetic nephropathy to identify novel targets and treatment opportunities

Abstract

Growth of functional nanomedicines for diabetic nephropathy demands a perceptive understanding of pharmacological renal barriers and crosstalk with nanoparticulate engineering tactics to offer clinically adaptable solutions. © 2020 Elsevier LtdDiabetes and related complications are becoming a global encumbrance. Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a major cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The available therapeutic modalities related to DN do not treat DN at the molecular level, proposing further amendments in the management of DN based on the pathogenesis of DN. This manuscript discusses the concept and applications of nanomedicine for the treatment of DN that can improve renal targeting, retention and localization. This review also highlights the current issues related to targeting DN, challenges and allied opportunities toward the development of next-generation drugs and treatments for the management of DN. © 2020 Elsevier Ltd